Topic: Discussion Reply
| Style | APA |
| Number of words | 359 |
| Number of sources | 2 |
| Spacing | Double |
| PowerPoint slides | 0 |
Details: Please reply to these 2 discussion posts and provide 1 reference and in-text citation that is from years (2016-2021) for each post reply.
Post 1 (Serkalem):
Cardiomyopathy (Kahr-dee-o-my-OP-uh-thee) is a disease of the heart muscle that makes it harder for your heart to pump blood to the rest of your body. The term “cardiomyopathy” is a general term that refers to the abnormality of the heart muscle itself. Cardiomyopathy can lead to heart failure. The main types of cardiomyopathy include dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive cardiomyopathy (mayo clinic, 2020).
Dilated cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle, usually starting in your heart’s main pumping chamber (left ventricle). The ventricle stretches and thins (dilates) and cannot pump blood as well as a healthy heart can. It affects all people such as infants, children. However, we see this situation more in age b/n 20-50 (mayo clinic, 2018). nurses can help a patient who is diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy by making the nursing process. For example, the nurse can plan for the pt. to do exercise by discussing with the doctor what kind of exercise the pt.’s do. if the pt. smoke, help the patient to quit smoking, make a plan about a healthy diet for the patient and maintain a healthy weight (mayo clinic,2018). The treatment will be some of the medications are Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, Angiotensin II receptor blockers, Beta-blockers, Diuretics…etc. the test will be diagnosis through cardiac catheterization, chest x-rat, CT scan…etc(Mayo Clinic, 2018). On their ECG there are no specific ECG features unique to DCM, however, the ECG is usually NOT normal. The most common ECG abnormalities are those associated with atrial and ventricular hypertrophy — typically, left-sided changes are seen but there may be signs of biventricular hypertrophy (DCM,2020).
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a disease in which the heart muscle becomes abnormally thick (hypertrophied). The thickened heart muscle can make it harder for the heart to pump blood. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is usually passed down through families (inherited) (mayo clinic, 2020). Medication treatment is Beta-blockers such as metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol-XL), propranolol (Inderal, Innopran XL) or atenolol (Tenormin), and Calcium channel blockers such as verapamil (Verelan, Calan SR,) or diltiazem (Cardizem, Tiazac) (mayo clinic, 2020). Also, we can test hypertrophic cardiomyopathy through Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), Echocardiogram, MRI…ETC. nurses can help the patient by relieving symptoms and prevent sudden cardiac death for people who have high risk. When we see ECG results 90% of the pt. have an abnormal result. The most common abnormalities are left ventricular hypertrophy, ST-segment alterations, T-wave inversion, large Q waves, and the peculiar diminution of R waves in the lateral precordial leads seen in this patient (Mayo clinic, 2020).
Restrictive cardiomyopathy, the rarest form of cardiomyopathy, is a condition in which the walls of the lower chambers of the heart (the ventricles) are abnormally rigid and lack the flexibility to expand as the ventricles fill with blood. It is not usually inherited, and its cause is often unknown. Known causes include: (Cleveland clinic, 2019). Nurses can help the pt. by providing diuretics or water pills medication that will help pt. to lower swelling. Also, provide medicine such as beta-blockers to lower the heat’s workload and increase its efficiency. Also, ACE inhibitors will help the pt. heat’s pump at a normal level (Cedars Sinai,2020). Some of the tests will do family history, blood test, chest x-rat, an echocardiogram, an exercise stress test, electrocardiogram, CT scan, MRI…etc. also, when we see ECG/EKG we will see low voltage QRS complexes, non-specific ST-segment/ T wave changes, bundle branch clocks, pathologic Q waves, atrial and ventricular dysrhythmias…etc. (LITFL, 2018)
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a hormone produced by the heart. N-terminal (NT)-prohormone BNP (NT-proBNP) is a non-active prohormone that is released from the same molecule that produces BNP. Both of them are responses to put pressure on the heart. In most cases, BNP and NT-proBNP levels are higher in patients with heart failure than people who have normal heart function (Cleveland clinic, 2019).
Reference
Cardiomyopathy – Symptoms and causes. (n.d.). Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cardiomyopathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20370709#:~:text=Cardiomyopathy%20(kahr%2Ddee%2Do
Conditions & Treatments. (n.d.). Cedars-Sinai. Retrieved January 21, 2020, from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/conditions-and-treatments.html
Dilated cardiomyopathy – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic. (2018). Mayoclinic.org. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dilated-cardiomyopathy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353155
Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) • LITFL • ECG Library Diagnosis. (2018, August 1). Life in the Fast Lane • LITFL • Medical Blog. https://litfl.com/dilated-cardiomyopathy-dcm-ecg-library/#:~:text=There%20are%20no%20specific%20ECG
Dilated cardiomyopathy – symptoms and causes. (2018). Mayo Clinic; https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dilated-cardiomyopathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20353149.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy – Symptoms and causes. (2020). Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20350198#:~:text=Hypertrophic%20cardiomyopathy%20(HCM)%20is%20a
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy: Symptoms, Causes & Tests. (2019). Cleveland Clinic. Retrieved January 21, 2021, from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17427-restrictive-cardiomyopathy#:~:text=Restrictive%20cardiomyopathy%2C%20the%20rarest%20form
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy • LITFL • ECG Library Diagnosis. (2018, August 1). Life in the Fast Lane • LITFL • Medical Blog. https://litfl.com/restrictive-cardiomyopathy-ecg-library/
NT-proB-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) | Cleveland Clinic. (2019). Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/16814-nt-prob-type-natriuretic-peptide-bnp.
Post 2 (Dondi):
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is any disease of the heart muscle in which the heart loses its ability to pump blood effectively. It occurs when the muscle mass of the left ventricle of the heart is larger than normal, or the wall between the two ventricles (septum) becomes enlarged and obstructs the blood flow from the left ventricle. Because it prevents the heart from properly relaxing between beats, it fills with less blood, which limits the amount of blood pumped by the heart with each beat. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a rare disease and in most cases, it is inherited.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may be diagnosed with one or more of the following tests:
electrocardiogram (EKG)
echocardiogram
chest x-ray
cardiac catheterization
genetic testing
Medications. Your physician will determine the best medication(s) to provide you to help with the symptoms you are experiencing.
Alcohol septal ablation. Cardiologists specializing in alcohol septal ablation treatment use a catheter to inject alcohol into the specific area of the heart to destroy the thickened part of the heart muscle.
Surgical septal myectomy. A cardiac surgeon will perform a minimally invasive cardiac surgery or an open-heart procedure to remove part of the thickened septum which is the area between the ventricles.
Dilated cardiomyopathy is the most frequent form of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. The cavity of the heart is enlarged and stretched (cardiac dilation) causing the heart to become weak and not pump normally.
Restrictive cardiomyopathy, the least common type of cardiomyopathy in the US, occurs when the myocardium of the ventricles becomes excessively rigid, and the filling of the ventricles with blood between heart beats is impaired.
Ejection fraction (EF) is a measurement, expressed as a percentage, of how much blood the left ventricle pumps out with each contraction. An ejection fraction of 60 percent means that 60 percent of the total amount of blood in the left ventricle is pushed out with each heartbeat.(heart.org 2021)
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal-pro-BNP. Levels of both in your blood go up when your heart failure gets worse and go down when it gets better. A test called a BNP blood test measures those two important levels. It’s able to spot heart failure more than 80% of the time. (web md 2021)
References:
https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/heart-failure/qa/what-is-the-btype-natriuretic-peptide-blood-testHome. (n.d.). Retrieved January 21, 2021, from https://www.beaumont.org/conditions/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy
https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-failure/diagnosing-heart-failure/ejection-fraction-heart-failure-measurement
https://www.beaumont.org/conditions/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy
Image preview for “provide medicine such as beta-blockers to lower the heat’s workload and increase its efficiency.”
