ENGLISH 4 : MODULE 04 : LESSON 03 INTRO: READING AN ARGUMENT
Question 1(Multiple Choice Worth 10 points)
(04.03 MC)
What is the meaning of the word “relinquish” in this statement from “Anti-Federalist Paper No. 84”?
But it is not necessary, for this purpose, that individuals should relinquish all their natural rights. Some are of such a nature that they cannot be surrendered.
Expect
Surprise
Explain
Surrender
Question 2(Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)
(04.03 LC)
What context clues?
Words in a text that you do not understand and look up in a dictionary
Sentences in a text that explain the main idea
Lines in a text that provide extra details about the author
Elements in text that help you determine the meaning of unfamiliar words
Question 3(Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)
(04.03 LC)
What type of context clue would help someone determine the meaning of “sufficient” in this statement from “Anti-Federalist Paper No. 84”?
So much, however, must be given, as will be sufficient to enable those to whom the administration of the government is committed, to establish laws for the promoting the happiness of the community, and to carry those laws into effect. But it is not necessary, for this purpose, that individuals should relinquish all their natural rights.
Definition
Contrast
Restatement
None of the above
Question 4(Multiple Choice Worth 10 points)
(04.03 MC)
Which word best describes Michelle Obama’s tone in this statement?
“We would never dream of letting our kids skip going to the doctor or learning how to add and subtract just because they don’t like it. The same thing is true about eating healthy.”
Concerned
Sympathetic
Disappointed
Straightforward
Question 5(Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)
(04.03 LC)
Which type of context clue provides the meaning of a word directly in a sentence?
Contrast
Restatement
Inference
Definition
Question 6(Multiple Choice Worth 10 points)
(04.03 MC)
What is the meaning of the word “sentiments” in this statement from “Anti-Federalist Paper No. 84”?
If we may collect the sentiments of the people of America, from their own most solemn declarations, they hold this truth as self-evident, that all men are by nature free.
Beliefs
Actions
Tears
Funds
Question 7 (Essay Worth 15 points)
(04.03 MC)
How is the word “nature” used differently in these two sentences? Use the complete passage to support your answer.
“If we may collect the sentiments of the people of America, from their own most solemn declarations, they hold this truth as self-evident, that all men are by nature free.”
“Some are of such a nature that they cannot be surrendered.”
Question 8 (Essay Worth 20 points)
(04.03 HC)
How might Mike Huckabee respond to “Brutus'” statements on natural rights? Answer in a minimum of three complete sentences using supporting evidence from the lesson.
Source
StylesFormat
Question 9 (Essay Worth 20 points)
(04.03 HC)
Compare Sarah Palin’s view of government involvement in addressing obesity issues with Congressman Tim Huelskamp’s view. Use supporting evidence from the lesson to support your comparison. Your response should be a minimum of three complete sentences.
You have viewed an introductory address delivered by Michelle Obama and listened to her words carefully to identify her claim, the counterclaims, and her rebuttal. This lesson will give you close reading techniques to prepare you for applying the same practice to reading an argument.
Use the Reading an Argument graphic organizer to take notes as you complete the lesson. Your completed graphic organizer will help you answer questions during the assessment at the end of the lesson.
Reading in Context
When reading an argument, it is possible you will encounter words you are not familiar with. When this happens you might be inclined to skip the word or, if you think it is important, head to the internet for a definition. Before you type that word in a search box, stop and take a closer look at the text. Sometimes the clues you need to understand that word are located right in the text you are reading. These are called context clues.
Looking for Context Clues
Clues to the meanings of unfamiliar words can be found:
within a sentence containing the word
later in the same paragraph
Look at the word inclined in the first paragraph on this page. If you were not familiar with the definition of the word, you can look to the other words or phrases in the sentence to figure it out.
Use context clues to determine a definition for inclined:
Check Understanding
Another word you might not be familiar with is decoded. Use context clues to determine its definition:
Check Understanding
ypes of Context Clues
Definition
Definition
In these cases, the definitions of words are found directly in the sentence. They are usually set off by commas or dashes. They may also follow transition words and phrases like “as,” “or,” “that is,” or “in other words.”
Example:
Obesity, the excessive storage of fat in the body, is a growing health concern in America.
Contrast
In these cases, opposite definitions of words are found directly in the sentence. They are usually indicated by words or phrases like “unlike,” “as opposed to,” “however,” “but,” and “on the other hand.”
Example:
Her body mass index is within the healthy range, but the relationship between his body weight and height falls outside of the ideal range.
Restatement
In these cases, words with similar meanings can be used to determine the definition of an unfamiliar word.
Example:
His lifestyle was so sedentary, he never got out of the house to exercise.
Inference
In these cases, specific clues cannot be found within a sentence. You must use the information in the sentence, along with prior knowledge, to determine the meaning of a word.
Example:
With healthy eating and regular exercise, you can increase your longevity.
Using inference, how would you define longevity?
Context Clues and Tone
You have previously learned that tone is an author’s attitude toward a subject. Context clues can help you use connotation and denotation to determine a writer’s attitude toward topics and issues addressed in an argument.
Michelle Obama’s “Let’s Move” initiative and an associated piece of legislation called the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act that regulates school lunches drew mixed emotions from a variety of people. Read these statements to see if you can determine their tone.
Applying Context Clues
Critics feel that the government should not make policies that infringe on personal freedoms – like the right to eat what you want, when you want it. The idea of protecting individual freedoms is not new in discussions of American government. The issue was frequently debated during the drafting of the United States Constitution.
Read this statement from an argument published in The Anti-Federalist Papers, paying close attention to the writer’s tone and the context clues that will help you determine his position. After you have finished reading, answer the Applying Context Clues questions on the Reading an Argument Graphic Organizer. You will need these answers to complete the assessment at the end of this lesson.
Anti-Federalist Paper No. 84, by “Brutus”
If we may collect the sentiments of the people of America, from their own most solemn declarations, they hold this truth as self-evident, that all men are by nature free. No one man, therefore, or any class of men, have a right, by the law of nature, or of God, to assume or exercise authority over their fellows … How great a proportion of natural freedom is necessary to be yielded by individuals, when they submit to government, I shall not inquire. So much, however, must be given, as will be sufficient to enable those to whom the administration of the government is committed, to establish laws for the promoting the happiness of the community, and to carry those laws into effect. But it is not necessary, for this purpose, that individuals should relinquish all their natural rights. Some are of such a nature that they cannot be surrendered. Of this kind are the rights of conscience, the right of enjoying and defending life, etc. Others are not necessary to be resigned in order to attain the end for which government is instituted; these therefore ought not to be given up. To surrender them, would counteract the very end of government, to wit, the common good. From these observations it appears, that in forming a government on its true principles, the foundation should be laid in the manner I before stated, by expressly reserving to the people such of their essential rights as are not necessary to be parted with.
Applying Context Clues
Use the passage to complete the Applying Context Clues section of your Reading an Argument Graphic Organizer.
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